What can impulse noise from weapon fire or explosions cause?

Impulse noise from weapon fire or explosions can cause immediate, permanent, and irreversible trauma to the ear due to its incredibly high sound pressure levels, which can exceed 140 decibels. This type of noise often occurs in short bursts and can lead to a phenomenon known as acoustic trauma, which can damage the hair cells in the cochlea of the inner ear. Once these hair cells are damaged, they do not regenerate, resulting in a permanent loss of hearing.

Moreover, the characteristics of impulse noise, including its intensity and sudden onset, make it especially dangerous compared to sustained noise, which may lead to temporary effects that can potentially be resolved over time. In the case of weapon fire or explosions, the intensity of the sound can overwhelm the ear's protective mechanisms, leading to immediate damage rather than just temporary disturbances or reversible hearing loss. Thus, the potential for permanent and irreversible trauma is significant and necessitates effective hearing conservation measures in environments where such noise is prevalent.